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Установка VMware Tools на Windows
В статье мы подробно расскажем, зачем нужен VMware Tools, а также покажем способы его установки на операционную систему Windows 10. Если вы хотите установить этот пакет программ на ОС Ubuntu, используйте инструкцию Установка VMware Tools в Ubuntu.
Что такое VMware Workstation Tools
Чтобы одновременно запускать на одной физической машине (сервере или компьютере) несколько операционных систем, были придуманы специальные программы. Одной из таких программ является VMware Workstation Player. С её помощью можно создавать на компьютере с одной ОС, ещё один компьютер с совершенно другой ОС — виртуальную машину (ВМ или VM). VMware Workstation можно установить на macOS, Windows, а также на Linux и его дистрибутивы.
Однако, чтобы виртуальная машина работала наравне с физической, желательно установить дополнительные программы и утилиты. Например, VMware Workstation Tools.
VMware Tools — это специальный пакет программ, с помощью которого можно оптимизировать взаимодействие виртуальной машины и физической, ресурсы которой использует для работы виртуальная. Он позволяет улучшить управляемость и производительность операционной системы ВМ.
Tools усиливает интеграцию с гипервизором — элементом, который отвечает за распределение ресурсов основного компьютера между несколькими гостевыми операционными системами и изоляцию их друг от друга.
Тулс можно запускать на 32-разрядных и 64-разрядных операционных системах. Инструмент интеграции подойдёт для работы как на Windows, так и Linux и других дистрибутивах.
Пакет устанавливается одним из двух способов: сразу при создании гостевой ОС (через функцию Open-VM-Tools) или после её создания. Чтобы использовать первый способ, в старых версиях достаточно выбрать автоматическую интеграцию (OVT) при установке машины. В новых версиях пакет чаще всего устанавливается по умолчанию.
Во втором случае установка происходит вручную. Нужно смонтировать ISO-файл, который будет содержать двоичные файлы (установочные файлы, скрипты и другое) в виртуальный CD-ROM гостевой машины.
Ниже мы покажем, как установить Windows 10 на Workstation, а также разберём установку Tools вручную.
Как создать виртуальную машину Windows 10
Запустите Workstation Player и нажмите Create a New Virtual Machine:
Нажмите Browse и в локальной папке компьютера выберите ISO-образ Windows 10. После этого кликните Next.
Кликните на строку Version of Windows to install. В выпадающем списке выберите Windows 10 Pro for Workstation и нажмите Next:
Во всплывающем окне нажмите Yes:
Затем кликните Next:
Выберите максимальное количество дисковой памяти, которое сможет использовать BM, и нажмите Next:
Чтобы завершить настройку, нажмите Finish. Создание машины займёт 5-10 минут.
Готово, установка завершена.
Часто пакет Тулс устанавливается автоматически при создании VM. Чтобы проверить, активирован ли Тулс, в панели управления ВМ нажмите Player: 
В списке наведите курсор на раздел Manage. Если в первом пункте выпадающего списка вы увидите «Reinstall», значит пакет тулс уже установлен. Если в пункте будет указано «Installation», значит пакет нужно установить вручную по инструкции. 
В панели управления нажмите Player и наведите курсор на раздел Removable Devices:
Наведите курсор на пункт Floppy и кликните Settings..:
Кликните по строке Floppy и нажмите Remove:
Подтвердите удаление. Для этого кликните Ок во всплывающем окне, а затем Ок внизу страницы:
Готово, вы активировали кнопку.
Как установить VMware Tools на виртуальную машину Windows 10
Запустите виртуальную машину Windows 10:
В панели управления ВМ нажмите Player:
В списке выберите Manage — VMware Tools Installation:
Кликните по всплывающему окошку DVD-дисковод (D:) VMware Tools:
В появившемся окне нажмите Выполнить setup64.exe:
Чтобы запустить установку, нажмите Next:
Выберите один из установочных пакетов:
Если вы используете только Workstation, выберите пакет Typical:
Затем нажмите Install:
Установка на виртуальной машине
Для завершения установки кликните Finish:
Перезагрузите виртуальную машину. Для этого нажмите Yes. Если вы хотите выполнить перезагрузку позже, нажмите No.
Готово. Аналогичным образом вы можете установить VMware Tools на Windows 7.
Установка VMWare Tools в виртуальной машине
VMWare Tools — это набор утилит и драйверов, который повышает производительность гостевой операционной системы и улучшает управление виртуальной машиной VMWare. В состав VMWare Tools входят драйверы необходимые для корректной работы гостевой ОС в среде виртуализации. После установки VMTools некоторые из драйверов ОС заменяются оптимизированными драйверами (например, сетевой драйвер vmxnet3).
В этой статье мы рассмотрим, как установить VMWare Tools на различных гостевых ОС.
Если в виртуальной машине не установлен набор VMWare Tools, то в гостевой операционной системе ВМ отсутствуют некоторые важные функции и возможности.
Также благодаря наличию VMTools в гостевой ОС обеспечивается:
Чтобы проверить, установлена ли VMWare tools в гостевой ОС виртуальной машине, выберите ее в клиенте vSphere.
Если VMTools не установлены, статус будет “Not Running, not installed”
Установка VMWare Tools в Windows
Чтобы установить VMTools в гостевой ВМ с Windows, нужно подключить ISO файл.
Установка VMware Tools в Linux
В дистрибутивах Linux есть два способа установки VMWare tools – с помощью ISO файла vmtools (по аналогии с Windows) и с помощью open-source пакета Open-VM-Tools.
Установка VMTools через ISO образ аналогична установке в Windows, только для запуска установки используется perl-скрипт.
Например, в CentOS установка выполняется так:
Также вы можете установить VMTools с помощью пакета Open-VM-Tools (OVT) от VMware. Они доступны для установки из базовых репозиториев с помощью YUM или APT.
Например, в Debian/Ubuntu для установки OVT используется команды:
apt-get update
apt-get install open-vm-tools
Если вы используете Ubuntu с графическим интерфейсом, установите open-vm-tools-desktop:
apt-get install open-vm-tools open-vm-tools-desktop
В CentOS/RHEL используются такие команды:
Для запуска службы и добавления ее в автозагрузку, выполните:
service vmtoolsd start
chkconfig vmtoolsd on
Обратите внимание, что после установки OVT в статусе ВМ будет указано:
VMware Workstation 4.5
Installing VMware Tools
Installing VMware Tools
The following sections describe how to install VMware Tools:
Don’t Forget VMware Tools
It is very important that you install VMware Tools in the guest operating system.
With the VMware Tools SVGA driver installed, Workstation supports significantly faster graphics performance.
The VMware Tools package provides support required for shared folders and for drag and drop operations.
Other tools in the package support synchronization of time in the guest operating system with time on the host, automatic grabbing and releasing of the mouse cursor, copying and pasting between guest and host, and improved mouse performance in some guest operating systems.
The installers for VMware Tools for Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and NetWare guest operating systems are built into VMware Workstation as ISO image files. (An ISO image file looks like a CD-ROM to your guest operating system and even appears as a CD-ROM in Windows Explorer. You do not use an actual CD-ROM to install VMware Tools, nor do you need to download the CD-ROM image or burn a physical CD-ROM of this image file.)
VMware Tools for Windows supports Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 guest operating systems.
When you choose VM > Install VMware Tools from the VMware Workstation menu, VMware Workstation temporarily connects the virtual machine’s first virtual CD-ROM drive to the ISO image file that contains the VMware Tools installer for your guest operating system and you are ready to begin the installation process.
VMware Tools for Windows Guests
VMware Tools for Windows Guests
The detailed steps for installing VMware Tools depend on the version of Windows you are running. The steps that follow show how to install VMware Tools in a Windows XP guest. Some steps that are automated in newer versions of Windows must be performed manually in Windows 9x and Windows NT.
Note: If you are running VMware Workstation on a Windows host, and your virtual machine has only one CD-ROM drive, the CD-ROM drive must be configured as an IDE or SCSI CD-ROM drive. It cannot be configured as a generic SCSI device.
Installing VMware Tools in a Windows Guest Operating System
Installing VMware Tools in a Windows Guest Operating System
Choose VM > Install VMware Tools.
The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine.
Note: You must log in to a Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 or Longhorn guest operating system as an administrator in order to install VMware Tools. Any user can install VMware Tools in a Windows 95, Windows 98 or Windows Me guest operating system.
If autorun is not enabled, the dialog box does not appear automatically. If it doesn’t appear, run the VMware Tools installer. Click Start > Run and enter D:\setup\setup.exe where D: is your first virtual CD-ROM drive.
Note: You do not use an actual CD-ROM to install VMware Tools, nor do you need to download the CD-ROM image or burn a physical CD-ROM of this image file. The VMware Workstation software contains an ISO image that looks like a CD-ROM to your guest operating system and even appears as a CD-ROM in Windows Explorer. This image contains all the files needed to install VMware Tools in your guest operating system. When you finish installing VMware Tools, this image file no longer appears in your CD-ROM drive.
Additional Steps for Some Versions of Windows When Migrating from Old Disk Versions
If you are migrating a VMware Workstation 2 disk to VMware Workstation 4 and your guest operating system is Windows NT, Windows Me, Windows 98 or Windows 95, you need to configure the video driver by hand. Instructions open automatically in Notepad at the end of the installation process. If the Notepad window is hidden, bring it to the front by clicking the Notepad button on the Windows taskbar.
For details, see the steps below that correspond to your guest operating system.
D: is the drive letter for the first virtual CD-ROM drive in your virtual machine.
If you are upgrading a virtual machine created under VMware Workstation 2, you may see a dialog box that warns, «The driver you are installing is not specifically designed for the hardware you have. Do you wish to continue?» Click Yes.
After the driver is installed, click Finish.
D: is the drive letter for the first virtual CD-ROM drive in your virtual machine.
D: is the drive letter for the first virtual CD-ROM drive in your virtual machine.
VMware Tools for Linux Guests
Choose VM > Install VMware Tools.
The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine.
Some recent distributions of Linux are configured to run the X server when they boot and do not provide an easy way to stop the X server. However, you can switch to a different workspace that is still in text mode and install VMware Tools from that workspace.
To switch between Linux workspaces in a virtual machine, press Ctrl-Alt-Space, release Space without releasing Ctrl and Alt, then press the function key for the workspace you want to use for example, F2. If you change your hot key combination to something other than Ctrl-Alt, use that new combination with Space and the function key.
Note: You do not use an actual CD-ROM to install VMware Tools, nor do you need to download the CD-ROM image or burn a physical CD-ROM of this image file. The VMware Workstation software contains an ISO image that looks like a CD-ROM to your guest operating system. This image contains all the files needed to install VMware Tools in your guest operating system.
Note: Some Linux distributions use different device names or organize the / dev directory differently. If your CD-ROM drive is not /dev/cdrom or if the mount point for a CD-ROM is not /mnt/cdrom, modify the following commands to reflect the conventions used by your distribution.
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
cd /tmp
tar zxf /mnt/cdrom/vmware-linux-tools.tar.gz
umount /mnt/cdrom
Respond to the questions the installer displays on the screen. Be sure to respond yes when the installer offers to run the configuration program.
Starting VMware Tools Automatically
Starting VMware Tools Automatically
You may find it helpful to configure your guest operating system so VMware Tools starts when you start your X server. The steps for doing so vary depending on your Linux distribution and your desktop environment. Check your operating system documentation for the appropriate steps to take.
For example, in a Red Hat Linux 7.1 guest using GNOME, follow these steps.
Main Menu (click the foot icon in the lower left corner of the screen) > Programs > Settings > Session > Startup Programs
The next time you start X, VMware Tools starts automatically.
Uninstalling VMware Tools
Uninstalling VMware Tools
VMware Tools for FreeBSD Guests
VMware Tools for FreeBSD Guests
Choose VM > Install VMware Tools.
The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine, not on the host computer.
Note: You do not use an actual CD-ROM to install VMware Tools, nor do you need to download the CD-ROM image or burn a physical CD-ROM of this image file. The VMware Workstation software contains an ISO image that looks like a CD-ROM to your guest operating system. This image contains all the files needed to install VMware Tools in your guest operating system.
mount /cdrom
cd /tmp
tar zxf /cdrom/vmware-freebsd-tools.tar.gz
umount /cdrom
cd vmware-tools-distrib
./vmware-install.pl
Note: In a FreeBSD 4.5 guest operating system, sometimes VMware Tools does not start after you install VMware Tools, reboot the guest operating system or start VMware Tools on the command line in the guest. An error message appears:
Shared object 'libc.so.3' not found.
The required library was not installed. This does not happen with full installations of FreeBSD 4.5, but does occur for minimal installations. To fix the problem of the missing library, take the following steps:
cd /cdrom/compat3x
./install.sh
Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine
Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine
Choose VM > Install VMware Tools.
The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine.
When the installation finishes, the message VMware Tools for NetWare are now running appears in the Logger Screen (NetWare 6.5 and NetWare 6.0 guests) or the Console Screen (NetWare 5.1 guests).
VMware Workstation 4
Installing VMware Tools
Installing VMware Tools
The following sections describe how to install VMware Tools:
Don’t Forget VMware Tools
It is very important that you install VMware Tools in the guest operating system.
With the VMware Tools SVGA driver installed, Workstation supports significantly faster graphics performance.
The VMware Tools package provides support required for shared folders and for drag and drop operations.
Other tools in the package support synchronization of time in the guest operating system with time on the host, automatic grabbing and releasing of the mouse cursor, copying and pasting between guest and host, and improved mouse performance in some guest operating systems.
The installers for VMware Tools for Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and NetWare guest operating systems are built into VMware Workstation as ISO image files. (An ISO image file looks like a CD-ROM to your guest operating system and even appears as a CD-ROM in Windows Explorer. You do not use an actual CD-ROM to install VMware Tools, nor do you need to download the CD-ROM image or burn a physical CD-ROM of this image file.)
VMware Tools for Windows supports Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 guest operating systems.
When you choose File > Install VMware Tools from the VMware Workstation menu, VMware Workstation temporarily connects the virtual machine’s first virtual CD-ROM drive to the ISO image file that contains the VMware Tools installer for your guest operating system and begins the installation process.
VMware Tools for Windows Guests
VMware Tools for Windows Guests
The detailed steps for installing VMware Tools depend on the version of Windows you are running. The steps that follow show how to install VMware Tools in a Windows XP guest. Some steps that are automated in newer versions of Windows must be performed manually in Windows 9x and Windows NT.
Note: If you are running VMware Workstation on a Windows host, and your virtual machine has only one CD-ROM drive, the CD-ROM drive must be configured as an IDE or SCSI CD-ROM drive. It cannot be configured as a generic SCSI device.
Installing VMware Tools in a Windows Guest Operating System
Installing VMware Tools in a Windows Guest Operating System
Choose File > Install VMware Tools.
The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine.
If autorun is not enabled, the dialog box does not appear automatically. If it doesn’t appear, run the VMware Tools installer. Click Start > Run and enter D:\setup\setup.exe where D: is your first virtual CD-ROM drive.
Note: You do not use an actual CD-ROM to install VMware Tools, nor do you need to download the CD-ROM image or burn a physical CD-ROM of this image file. The VMware Workstation software contains an ISO image that looks like a CD-ROM to your guest operating system and even appears as a CD-ROM in Windows Explorer. This image contains all the files needed to install VMware Tools in your guest operating system. When you finish installing VMware Tools, this image file no longer appears in your CD-ROM drive.
Additional Steps for Some Versions of Windows When Migrating from Old Disk Versions
If you are migrating a VMware Workstation 2 disk to VMware Workstation 4 and your guest operating system is Windows NT, Windows Me, Windows 98 or Windows 95, you need to configure the video driver by hand. Instructions open automatically in Notepad at the end of the installation process. If the Notepad window is hidden, bring it to the front by clicking the Notepad button on the Windows taskbar.
For details, see the steps below that correspond to your guest operating system.
D: is the drive letter for the first virtual CD-ROM drive in your virtual machine.
If you are upgrading a virtual machine created under VMware Workstation 2, you may see a dialog box that warns, «The driver you are installing is not specifically designed for the hardware you have. Do you wish to continue?» Click Yes.
After the driver is installed, click Finish.
D: is the drive letter for the first virtual CD-ROM drive in your virtual machine.
D: is the drive letter for the first virtual CD-ROM drive in your virtual machine.
VMware Tools for Linux Guests
Choose File > Install VMware Tools.
The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine.
Note: You do not use an actual CD-ROM to install VMware Tools, nor do you need to download the CD-ROM image or burn a physical CD-ROM of this image file. The VMware Workstation software contains an ISO image that looks like a CD-ROM to your guest operating system. This image contains all the files needed to install VMware Tools in your guest operating system.
Note: Some Linux distributions use different device names or organize the /dev directory differently. If your CD-ROM drive is not /dev/cdrom, modify the following commands to reflect the conventions used by your distribution.
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
cd /tmp
tar zxf /mnt/vmware-linux-tools.tar.gz
umount /mnt
Starting VMware Tools Automatically
Starting VMware Tools Automatically
You may find it helpful to configure your guest operating system so VMware Tools starts when you start your X server. The steps for doing so vary depending on your Linux distribution and your desktop environment. Check your operating system documentation for the appropriate steps to take.
For example, in a Red Hat Linux 7.1 guest using GNOME, follow these steps.
Main Menu (click the foot icon in the lower left corner of the screen) > Programs > Settings > Session > Startup Programs
The next time you start X, VMware Tools starts automatically.
Uninstalling VMware Tools
Uninstalling VMware Tools
VMware Tools for FreeBSD Guests
VMware Tools for FreeBSD Guests
Choose File > Install VMware Tools.
The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine, not on the host computer.
Note: You do not use an actual CD-ROM to install VMware Tools, nor do you need to download the CD-ROM image or burn a physical CD-ROM of this image file. The VMware Workstation software contains an ISO image that looks like a CD-ROM to your guest operating system. This image contains all the files needed to install VMware Tools in your guest operating system.
mount /cdrom
cd /tmp
tar zxf /cdrom/vmware-freebsd-tools.tar.gz
umount /cdrom
Note: In a FreeBSD 4.5 guest operating system, sometimes VMware Tools does not start after you install VMware Tools, reboot the guest operating system or start VMware Tools on the command line in the guest. An error message appears:
Shared object 'libc.so.3' not found.
The required library was not installed. This does not happen with full installations of FreeBSD 4.5, but does occur for minimal installations. To fix the problem of the missing library, take the following steps:
Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine
Installing VMware Tools in a NetWare Virtual Machine
Choose File > Install VMware Tools.
The remaining steps take place inside the virtual machine.